Underwood Typewriters: The Machine That Defined an Era

Explore the history and legacy of Underwood typewriters—from the revolutionary No. 5 to collector tips on value and identification.

You may never have used a typewriter in your life, but there’s a good chance you know the name Underwood. From its humble beginnings as a manual machine to advanced electric models, Underwood was the foremost brand of typewriter in offices, businesses, and newsrooms for over 100 years.

A Typewriter for Writers, Offices, and the World

Before desktop computers took over in the late 1970s and 1980s, typewriters were the go-to tool for writing and correspondence. Underwood was a top choice, used by famous authors such as William Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, and Nora Roberts. It even made appearances in Hollywood films.

The Birth and Rise of Underwood

The original Underwood typewriter was designed by Franz Xavier Wagner in the 1890s. Businessman John T. Underwood bought Wagner’s company and established the Underwood Typewriter Company in 1895, headquartered in New York City with manufacturing in Hartford, Connecticut. By 1939, Underwood had produced over five million machines—one every minute.

Underwood’s introduction of the No. 5 model in 1900 revolutionized typing. It featured the first modern design: a four-row straight keyboard, single shift key, and front striking bars. These innovations made it faster and more efficient, and the No. 5 became the industry benchmark.

Key Models and Collectibility

Underwood’s early models—No. 1 through No. 5—were made from 1896 to the 1930s and are now considered antique or vintage. Later models included the No. 6 to No. 11, as well as portable and electric machines. The company even released a “Noiseless” model to meet evolving demands.

In 1959, Italian company Olivetti acquired Underwood, completing the merger in 1963. From then on, the brand became known as Olivetti Underwood.

Tips for Collectors

Underwood’s popularity and rugged build make them a favorite among typewriter collectors. Value depends on the typewriter’s age, rarity, and condition. To identify the model, lift the carriage and check the top right corner of the body for the model number. Machines in excellent or even refurbished condition can command high prices.

Find Underwood Typewriters at Cookstown Antique Market

You might find an Underwood typewriter or other classic models among the quality antiques and vintage items offered by 35 dealers at the Cookstown Antique Market on Highway 27 in Cookstown, Ontario. Whether you’re a collector, writer, or vintage enthusiast, the 6,000-square-foot century-old barn is a great place to find that perfect piece.